Are you familiar with the story The Tortoise and The Hare?

It’s a classic Aesop fable about a hare who one day ridiculed a slow-moving tortoise. In response, the prideful tortoise challenged his much faster mocker to a race.

Not unexpectedly, the hare soon left the tortoise in the dust. In fact, the hare was so far ahead and confident of winning, he decided to take a nap halfway to the finish line.

Alas, when he awoke, however, he found that the competitor he had mocked, crawling slowly but steadily, had already won the race.

The moral of the story is:

“Slow and steady wins the race.”

Six simple words, profound in their simplicity.

So what does any of this have to do with marketing?

I was getting to that. I remember when I first got involved in marketing many years ago. I wanted to be successful immediately. I didn’t know how to get there, but I knew I wanted to get there fast.

And I didn’t want to have to work at it.

Well, eventually I did become successful. But it didn’t happen overnight. I had to learn the ropes - pay my dues so to speak. And part of paying my dues included learning how to be successful through trial and error.

And yes, heartbreak and pain.

Because the best thing that can happen to you on the road to success is profound failure. Failure can shake you up - shock you to the core. Humble you.

But failure is okay as long as you learn from your mistakes. 

I remember an old adage from my childhood, and I never forgot it:

“Whatever doesn’t kill you makes you stronger!”

Truer words have never been spoken. You see, I was like so many young people who had come before me. I had the ignorance and impatience of youth. I wanted instant gratification. I wanted the gold, and I wanted it now!

But I had to learn the hard way that “all that glitters is not gold!”

You see marketing isn’t a sprint. It’s a marathon. It’s not about who can explode quickest out the gate. It’s about who can last the longest over time.

But you’d never know that by reading some of the outrageous “get rich quick” advertising that is so prevalent these days. You know the ads that I’m talking about:

“Make $30,000 in 30 Days With My Secret Program!”

“Make a Million Dollars in 12 Months Guaranteed!”

“Double, Triple, Quadruple Your Income Overnight!”

Let me tell you something about those ads. 99 percent of them are pure, unadulterated garbage - a pack of lies designed to steal your hard-earned money!

Sometimes brilliant copywriting created to sell you a bogus dream that you didn’t even know you had.

The truth of the matter is success takes time, and it requires hard work. Always has, always will. There are no shortcuts, and if someone tells you otherwise…

They’re probably trying to sell you something!

David Jackson
http://www.articlesbase.com/marketing-articles/marketing-can-you-get-rich-quick-710579.html

Is there anything this stuff cannot do? The Amazonian Acai Berry is nothing short of miraculous.

• A 39 year old hairdresser discontinues the use of both her antidepressants and sleeping pills after only two weeks of taking Acai.
• After six months of Acai usage (and NO additional lifestyle changes), A 77 year old man amazes his eye doctor when it is discovered that his cataract has completely disappeared!
• The Power of Acai gives a singer and golfer with Parkinson’s disease a new lease on life, drastically reducing his pain & tremors, as well as the majority of his medications!
• A young woman’s gingivitis goes into complete remission. Her dentist commends her on her oral hygiene. The woman confesses, the only thing she’s changed is adding Acai to her diet.
• A lady who suffers from massive psoriasis of her neck, ears, and elbows, who has been using medicated creams and shampoos for 30 years, tries Acai to help her with a knee problem.  After three weeks with Acai, her knee feels great!  Even more miraculously, her psoriasis is completely GONE!

One common theme that pervades almost every testimonial I’ve encountered is fast and massive pain relief.  From headaches to arthritis pain, back spasms to injuries and rashes, the Acai Berry seems to kill the pain every time!

Another well-document benefit of Acai is weight loss.  30 pounds here, 68 pounds there.  I’ve seen many, many examples of people who, by utilizing the Power of Acai, have lost literally tons upon tons of body fat!

 

 

This stuff is special. 

The list of Acai miracles goes on and on.  It’s for good reason the famed Dr. Nicholas Perricone has dubbed the Acai Berry “The #1 Superfood” on the planet!

 

The Power Of Acai is real, and it’s changing lives!

To learn all about the Amazonian Acai Berry, including what exactly it is that makes this little guy pack such an enormous punch, please CLICK HERE.  By doing so, you will not only gain a powerful understanding of the world’s healthiest food, you will also be eligible to try it yourself, for the incredible price of… drumroll please… FREE!

Get over there now and enjoy!  Thank you for reading.

kindercold
http://www.articlesbase.com/supplements-and-vitamins-articles/power-acai-feel-the-power-of-acai-for-free-675382.html

Looking for the best workout program to get rock hard abs? Read the article and find out here. Burning fat and gaining muscle is likely the primary reason many people take up some type of cardiovascular training. Over 50% of the people who perform cardio in an attempt to burn fat are wasting their hours and hours of time! Most people are not performing the right type of cardio workouts.

Doing exercises is one thing and doing the correct exercises, the correct way, in the correct numbers, with the proper target set in the mind is another thing. Always follow the latter and benefits are bound to come.

If you combine exercise and simple changes in your nutrition you could easily lose more weight faster. You should keep in mind three important points while taking up any exercise regimen.

• You must do things that you will be able to stick with.
• It does not do any good to you to work hard to lose weight only to put it back on later. That’s why many diets do not work- they are not changes that you can stick to. The rule is just to concentrate on simple and easy changes. Changes that you can stick to that will make sense for your lifestyle.
• When such a concept is adopted and followed you find that with simple changes you will be able to lose weight and keep it off.

The largest amount of calories burning comes from your basic metabolism. To speed up the metabolism you need to choose the right workout program. While researching for the best workout program to get rock hard abs you will find a number of workout programs. It becomes very hard to select the one that meet your desired goal.

Remember you can’t get a ripped abs and muscle overnight. You need a complete comprehensive guide that will help you to shape your body in a healthier way. You have to strictly follow the rules and guidelines given in the program to succeed in your goal.

Exercise benefits are too many. But to get the full benefits you must know the correct way to exercise and how not to overdo it. Workout programs designed by fitness expert, health consultants and gym instructors can only give proper instruction and guidelines on how to get started. If you are really serious to get rock hard abs, here you will find some of the finest workout program to burn fat and get ripped six pack abs fast.

Check out the most popular workout program on - How to Get Rock Hard Abs. Looking for how to Eat All You Want and Still Lose Weight? Know Home Remedies for Weight Loss to lose your body fat naturally.

Nick Mutt
http://www.articlesbase.com/wellness-articles/best-workout-program-to-get-rock-hard-abs-702176.html

Buy One, Get One Free! Get SIX Blue Waffle Weave Drying Towels for the price of three! Save $24.99. Dry and clean with this durable waffle weave towel! The Blue Waffle Weave Drying Towel doubles as a large drying towel and an effective cleaning towel with its dense waffle weave. The waffle weave structure increases surface area to hold more moisture. Use the Blue Waffle Weave Drying Towel time and time again to towel-dry your vehicle faster than a chamois or a terry cloth towel. This 24 x 29 inch towel has almost 700 square inches of absorbent fabric! The Blue Waffle Weave Drying Towel is capable of soaking up 7 times its own weight in water. The fabric is woven from an 80/20 blend of polyester and polyamide giving it an excellent combination of strength and softness. As an added measure of protection, the Blue Waffle Weave Drying Towel has a satin border. The satin edges glide over the paint without snagging. The rounded corners of the towel are less likely to fray or snag. Your Blue Waffle Weave Drying Towel will outlast any natural chamois or cotton towel. How does this towel compare to the Guzzler? Reserve your premium Cobra Guzzler towels for fine surfaces, like paintwork, and use the Blue Waffle Weave Drying Towels for wiping door jambs, trunk jambs, the engine compartment and all the places where you wouldnt take your Guzzlers. This all-purpose waffle weave towel cleans and dries all in one step! The Blue Waffle Weave Drying Towel is a great value for a large waffle weave towel. At this price, you can stock up and save! The Blue Waffle Weave Drying Towel has a satin edge that glides over paint without snagging. To keep all your drying towels in great shape, use only Pinnacle Micro Rejuvenator to wash them. This detergent contains no fabric softeners or fragrances, which can eliminate the towel’s absorbency. Dry on low heat or hang to dry. Use the Blue Waffle Weave Drying Towel to wipe away water spots after every wash. Drying your vehicle prevents water

(more…)

Pimples are an annoying part of life that usually start appearing in your preteens and teenage years. However, adult acne is also a problem. Pimples are usually a problem because they appear right on your face - the place people usually look first when meeting you. However, they can also show up on your back, arms and other areas of your body.

Pimples can cause problems when you are going to a school function, a job interview or other type of event in your life when you want to look your best. Sometimes, simply covering it up with makeup just won’t do the trick and usually makes it worse by contributing to the bacteria in the pimple. You want that pimple to go away and disappear quickly. There are several techniques you can try to get rid of pimples quickly.

1) Types of remedies for pimples - There are two different types of remedies for pimples: natural and chemical treatments. A natural remedy might be the best way to start. Do not ever squeeze a pimple as it will only help the bacteria spread on your skin and you will find yourself will even more pimples later! You can try an ice treatment. Hold an ice pack or some ice cubes in a towel on the pimple for a couple minutes every half an hour.

You can also try a little bit of toothpaste. Really, dab it onto the pimple and gently rub it in. This can actually help reduce the pimple by drying it out. You can create a cleanser with baking soda and water. Use it to gently clean your skin and affected area(s). Aloe Vera can also help you get rid of that pimple. Try dabbing some on the pimple itself and let it sit.
Of course, if you don’t want to raid your kitchen, looking for natural remedies, you can try a chemical remedy.

There are plenty of over-the-counter medications to help get rid of acne. When you get to the store, look at the ingredients in the product. It should say what the active ingredient is and what its function is. Its function should be to get rid of pimples quickly.

3) How to tackle adult acne - Adult acne can be troublesome because we think we are supposed to outgrow acne problems after we have gone through our teenage years. This is far from the truth. Many adults suffer from acne problems.

The first thing you probably want to do is see your medical health specialist and see if you have a skin problem such as exema or rosacea. These can be treated medically and should be weaned out before trying other solutions from your local store. Once you have that out of the way and are sure you don’t have a medical skin problem, you need to look for other solutions. A good home remedy for your skin is a good place to start. Drink six to eight glasses of water a day.

This alone can help clear up your skin. Don’t squeeze any pimples because this can lead to more pimples and even scarring. Every morning and night, you should be cleaning your skin with a gentle cleanser. Something fancy and expensive isn’t always necessary. Find cleansers that don’t have added fragrances or perfumes. The most natural would be best. You might also want to try a toner if your skin is oily. Drinking water and cleaning properly can help prevent future breakouts.

4) Permanent acne removal - Sometimes, none of this will seem to work. Permanent acne removal might be the only solution. You will want to set up an appointment with your local dermatologist to decide what will be best for you. Some can provide laser treatments, which are fast, affordable and convenient. Talk it over with your dermatologist to see what cleansing routine you should be on as well. He or she can take a look at your skin and give you some really helpful advice.

Mike Singh
http://www.articlesbase.com/non-fiction-articles/how-to-get-rid-of-pimples-quickly-119374.html

Symptoms and Causes: One of the most common of all skin diseases, eczema consists of an inflammation of the skin of a catarrhal character. It is attended with papules, vesicles or pustules, attended with more or less discharges, and with itching and other symptoms or irritation. It s in fact a symptoms denoting the reaction of the skin to various forms of irritation. It is generally found in persons of morbid constitution where the excretions of the bowels of kidneys are defective.

Eczema in its acute form shows itself by redness and swelling of the skin, the formation of minute vesicles and severe heat and irritation. If the vesicles rupture, a raw, moist surface is formed, from which a colourless discharge oozes, which forms skin crusts when it accumulates. Such attacks may occur as a result of digestive derangements, or in persons of rheumatic or gouty tendency and they tend to appear at certain seasons, such as springtime.

Eczema may be dry, weeping or rub rum where it affects only the leg. Administration of drugs has only a palliative or temporary effect. Homoepaths believe that the suppression of eczema may produce symptoms of more serious diseases since; according to them it is the result of psoric poisons. The real cause is the failure of the human system to excrete the poisons from the various orifices of the body. Water matter is excreted from the rectum, through the stools, from the bladder through the urine, from the breath through the lungs and from the pores of the skin. The condition of the skin is very good pointer to the state of the health. Father kneipp used to diagnose a disease by examining the skin of the patient. Sometimes the pores of the skin of the patient. Sometimes the pores of the skin are over-worked since the person does not expel the waste matter properly from the other orifices. That is why the perspiration of some persons is rancid: it may even smell of urine in some cases.

Treatment: If the orifices given by nature to expel the waste matter from the body perform efficiently, that is, if the bowels are clean, water is taken in sufficient quantities, the urine is clear, the lungs are able to breathe clean, fresh air, the skin will remain healthy. If the pores of the skin are not given the chance to perform their given duty, the sweat is full or morbid humours which give rise to the various skin diseases, like eczema, acne, boils, and other eruptions and itch. Trying to cure eczema by skin applications is like cutting the leaves and branches of the tree in an effort to annihilate it. The relief, if any, is temporary. If the exudation is suppressed, it may be a prelude to some other more serious disease.

The best way to deal with eczema is to cleanse the blood and the body. The sufferer should get as much or fresh air as possible. Dwellers of airless streets in a city slum should migrate to the open spaces of the villages and let fresh air resuscitate their system. Restrictive clothing should be given up.

Two to three litres of the water should be taken daily and the patient must bathe twice to thrice in the day. The skin should be vigorously rubbed with the palms of the hands before taking a bath. All the parts of the body should be thoroughly wetted and rubbed to such and extent that the towel is not needed to dry the skin. The site of eczema should, of course, be spread the rubbing.

If you can bathe in a lake or a river, do it by all means, but do not dry yourself with a towel. Lie on the sand or take a walk so that the water dries in the sun. Take another bath; alternate your bath with the sunbath. If this is done ate least twice in a week, if will help. The size of eczema should be covered with coconut oil. It will help the skin to stay soft.

An eczema patient must take an enema if a diet of fruit and fresh vegetables does not help relieve his constipation. Walking or jogging should be resorted to in order to activate the bowels. He must walk at the rate of six kilometers per hour for at least two hours in the day.

Our blood is alkaline and so are fruits and green vegetables. They balance with our blood and should be consumed in adequate quantities. Salt, cereals, sugar, fats and boiled milk add to acidity and should be avoided in so far as possible. Onions, garlic, radish should be avoided.

The treatment should start with one week of fruits and vegetables. Salt-free boiled vegetables with whole meal flour is recommended after one week’s fruit fast. Coconut oil may be used instead of ghee. After some time curd and milk could be added to the diet.

Carrot and musk melon is particularly beneficial in cases of eczema. The should be taken three to four times daily reducing the intake later on and adding milk and curds. Muskmelon should be washed down with cow’s milk. The combination of muskmelon and milk is not harmful as it is commonly supposed. Sunlight in addition to being the life-giver is also a nature’s scavenger: it kills all the harmful bacteria. Sunbathing should be done early in the morning, in the first light of dawn. Stand or sit in the sun till you perspire: if it is too hot, cover your head with a wet towel. After you have perspired, take a cold bath.

A light mudpack applied over the site of the eczema is also helpful in dealing with it. The pack should be allowed to remain for one hour at a time; it could be repeated twice or thrice in the day. A mudpack over the whole body dried in the sun and later washed with cold water could be doubly helpful.

Chronic Cases: In chronic and more difficult cases of eczema the patient should be advised to fast at least one day in the week till he is cured. One week’s fasting could cut down the recovery time considerably. Prolonged fasting must, however, be undertaken under the guidance and supervision of a specialist in nature cure since it may raise certain problems difficult for a layman to deal with.

Eczema as a by-product of dyspepsia, gout or diabetes could be curd only after those diseases have been successfully treated. Children suffering from eczema as a result of in sanitary bottle feeds can get relief if kept on fruit juices or water with a teaspoon of honey added.

Find more information regarding Natural Home Remedies for Eczema and Natural Home Remedies

Dr John Anne
http://www.articlesbase.com/alternative-medicine-articles/natural-home-remedies-for-eczema-59684.html

A computer processor is very fast and is constantly reading information from memory, which means it often has to wait for the information to arrive, because the memory access times are slower than the processor speed. A cache memory is a small, temporary, but fast memory that the processor uses for information it is likely to need again in the very near future.

Noncomputer examples of caching are all around us. Keeping them in mind
will help you to understand computer memory caching. Think of a homeowner with a very large tool chest in the garage. Suppose you are this homeowner and have a home improvement project to work on in the basement. You know this project will require drills, wrenches, hammers, a tape measure, several types of saws, and many different types and sizes of screwdrivers. The first thing you want to do is measure and then cut some wood. You run out to the garage, grabthe tape measure from a huge tool storage chest, run down to the basement, measure the wood, run back out to the garage, leave the tape measure, grab the saw, and then return to the basement with the saw and cut the wood. Now you decide to bolt some pieces of wood together. So you run to the garage, grab the drill set, go back down to the basement, drill the holes to put the bolts through, go back to the garage, leave the drill set, grab one wrench, go back to the basement, find out the wrench is the wrong size, go back to the tool chest in the garage, grab another wrench, run back downstairs . . . wait! Would you really work this way? No!Being a reasonable person, you think to yourself “If I need one wrench, I will probably need another one of a different size soon anyway, so why not just grab the whole set of wrenches?” Taking this one step further, you reason “Once I am done with one certain tool, there is a good chance I will need another soon, so why not just pack up a small toolbox and take it to the basement?” This way, you keep the tools you need close at hand, so access is faster. You have just cached some tools for easy access and quick use! The tools you are less likely to use remain stored in a location that is further away and requires more time to access.This is all that cache memory does: It stores data that has been accessed and data that might be accessed by the CPU in a faster, closer memory.

Another cache analogy is found in grocery shopping. You seldom, if ever, go to the grocery store to buy one single item. You buy any items you require immediately in addition to items you will most likely use in the future. The grocery store is similar to main memory, and your home is the cache. As another example, consider how many of us carry around an entire phone book. Most of us have a small address book instead. We enter the names and numbers of people we tend to call more frequently; looking a number up in our address book is much quicker than finding a phone book, locating the name, and then getting the number. We tend to have the address book close at hand, whereas the phone book is probably located in our home, hidden in an end table or bookcase somewhere. The phone book is something we do not use frequently, so we can afford to store it in a little more out of the way location. Comparing the size of our address book to the telephone book, we see that the address book “memory” is much smaller than that of a telephone book. But the probability is very high that when we make a call, it is to someone in our address book.

Students doing research offer another commonplace cache example. Suppose you are writing a paper on quantum computing. Would you go to the library, check out one book, return home, get the necessary information from that book, go back to the library, check out another book, return home, and so on? No, you would go to the library and check out all the books you might need and bring them all home. The library is analogous to main memory, and your home is, again, similar to cache.

And as a last example, consider how one of your authors uses her office. Any materials she does not need (or has not used for a period of more than six months) get filed away in a large set of filing cabinets. However, frequently used “data” remain piled on her desk, close at hand, and easy (sometimes) to find. If she needs something from a file, she more than likely pulls the entire file, not simply one or two papers from the folder. The entire file is then added to the pile on herdesk. The filing cabinets are her “main memory” and her desk (with its many unorganized-looking piles) is the cache.

Cache memory works on the same basic principles as the preceding examples by copying frequently used data into the cache rather than requiring an access to main memory to retrieve the data. Cache can be as unorganized as your author’s desk or as organized as your address book. Either way, however, the data must be accessible (locatable). Cache memory in a computer differs from our real-life examples in one important way: The computer really has no way to know, a priori, what data is most likely to be accessed, so it uses the locality principle and transfers an entire block from main memory into cache whenever it has to make a main memory access. If the probability of using something else in that block is high, then transferring the entire block saves on access time. The cache location for this new block depends on two things: the cache mapping policy (discussed in the next section) and the cache size (which affects whether there is room for the new block).

The size of cache memory can vary enormously. A typical personal computer’slevel 2 (L2) cache is 256K or 512K. Level 1 (L1) cache is smaller, typically 8K or 16K. L1 cache resides on the processor, whereas L2 cache resides between the CPU and main memory. L1 cache is, therefore, faster than L2 cache.The relationship between L1 and L2 cache can be illustrated using our grocery store example: If the store is main memory, you could consider your refrigerator the L2 cache, and the actual dinner table the L1 cache.

The purpose of cache is to speed up memory accesses by storing recently
used data closer to the CPU, instead of storing it in main memory. Although
cache is not as large as main memory, it is considerably faster. Whereas main memory is typically composed of DRAM with, say, a 60ns access time, cache is typically composed of SRAM, providing faster access with a much shorter cycle time than DRAM (a typical cache access time is 10ns). Cache does not need to be very large to perform well. A general rule of thumb is to make cache small enough so that the overall average cost per bit is close to that of main memory, but large enough to be beneficial. Because this fast memory is quite expensive,it is not feasible to use the technology found in cache memory to build all of main memory.

What makes cache “special”? Cache is not accessed by address; it is accessed by content. For this reason, cache is sometimes called content addressable memory or CAM. Under most cache mapping schemes, the cache entries must be checked or searched to see if the value being requested is stored in cache. To simplify this process of locating the desired data, various cache mapping algorithms are used.

1)Direct Mapping

2)Associative Mapping

3)Set Associative Mapping

Khizar Masood
http://www.articlesbase.com/hardware-articles/cache-memory-675304.html

A computer processor is very fast and is constantly reading information from memory, which means it often has to wait for the information to arrive, because the memory access times are slower than the processor speed. A cache memory is a small, temporary, but fast memory that the processor uses for information it is likely to need again in the very near future.

Noncomputer examples of caching are all around us. Keeping them in mind
will help you to understand computer memory caching. Think of a homeowner with a very large tool chest in the garage. Suppose you are this homeowner and have a home improvement project to work on in the basement. You know this project will require drills, wrenches, hammers, a tape measure, several types of saws, and many different types and sizes of screwdrivers. The first thing you want to do is measure and then cut some wood. You run out to the garage, grabthe tape measure from a huge tool storage chest, run down to the basement, measure the wood, run back out to the garage, leave the tape measure, grab the saw, and then return to the basement with the saw and cut the wood. Now you decide to bolt some pieces of wood together. So you run to the garage, grab the drill set, go back down to the basement, drill the holes to put the bolts through, go back to the garage, leave the drill set, grab one wrench, go back to the basement, find out the wrench is the wrong size, go back to the tool chest in the garage, grab another wrench, run back downstairs . . . wait! Would you really work this way? No!Being a reasonable person, you think to yourself “If I need one wrench, I will probably need another one of a different size soon anyway, so why not just grab the whole set of wrenches?” Taking this one step further, you reason “Once I am done with one certain tool, there is a good chance I will need another soon, so why not just pack up a small toolbox and take it to the basement?” This way, you keep the tools you need close at hand, so access is faster. You have just cached some tools for easy access and quick use! The tools you are less likely to use remain stored in a location that is further away and requires more time to access.This is all that cache memory does: It stores data that has been accessed and data that might be accessed by the CPU in a faster, closer memory.

Another cache analogy is found in grocery shopping. You seldom, if ever, go to the grocery store to buy one single item. You buy any items you require immediately in addition to items you will most likely use in the future. The grocery store is similar to main memory, and your home is the cache. As another example, consider how many of us carry around an entire phone book. Most of us have a small address book instead. We enter the names and numbers of people we tend to call more frequently; looking a number up in our address book is much quicker than finding a phone book, locating the name, and then getting the number. We tend to have the address book close at hand, whereas the phone book is probably located in our home, hidden in an end table or bookcase somewhere. The phone book is something we do not use frequently, so we can afford to store it in a little more out of the way location. Comparing the size of our address book to the telephone book, we see that the address book “memory” is much smaller than that of a telephone book. But the probability is very high that when we make a call, it is to someone in our address book.

Students doing research offer another commonplace cache example. Suppose you are writing a paper on quantum computing. Would you go to the library, check out one book, return home, get the necessary information from that book, go back to the library, check out another book, return home, and so on? No, you would go to the library and check out all the books you might need and bring them all home. The library is analogous to main memory, and your home is, again, similar to cache.

And as a last example, consider how one of your authors uses her office. Any materials she does not need (or has not used for a period of more than six months) get filed away in a large set of filing cabinets. However, frequently used “data” remain piled on her desk, close at hand, and easy (sometimes) to find. If she needs something from a file, she more than likely pulls the entire file, not simply one or two papers from the folder. The entire file is then added to the pile on herdesk. The filing cabinets are her “main memory” and her desk (with its many unorganized-looking piles) is the cache.

Cache memory works on the same basic principles as the preceding examples by copying frequently used data into the cache rather than requiring an access to main memory to retrieve the data. Cache can be as unorganized as your author’s desk or as organized as your address book. Either way, however, the data must be accessible (locatable). Cache memory in a computer differs from our real-life examples in one important way: The computer really has no way to know, a priori, what data is most likely to be accessed, so it uses the locality principle and transfers an entire block from main memory into cache whenever it has to make a main memory access. If the probability of using something else in that block is high, then transferring the entire block saves on access time. The cache location for this new block depends on two things: the cache mapping policy (discussed in the next section) and the cache size (which affects whether there is room for the new block).

The size of cache memory can vary enormously. A typical personal computer’slevel 2 (L2) cache is 256K or 512K. Level 1 (L1) cache is smaller, typically 8K or 16K. L1 cache resides on the processor, whereas L2 cache resides between the CPU and main memory. L1 cache is, therefore, faster than L2 cache.The relationship between L1 and L2 cache can be illustrated using our grocery store example: If the store is main memory, you could consider your refrigerator the L2 cache, and the actual dinner table the L1 cache.

The purpose of cache is to speed up memory accesses by storing recently
used data closer to the CPU, instead of storing it in main memory. Although
cache is not as large as main memory, it is considerably faster. Whereas main memory is typically composed of DRAM with, say, a 60ns access time, cache is typically composed of SRAM, providing faster access with a much shorter cycle time than DRAM (a typical cache access time is 10ns). Cache does not need to be very large to perform well. A general rule of thumb is to make cache small enough so that the overall average cost per bit is close to that of main memory, but large enough to be beneficial. Because this fast memory is quite expensive,it is not feasible to use the technology found in cache memory to build all of main memory.

What makes cache “special”? Cache is not accessed by address; it is accessed by content. For this reason, cache is sometimes called content addressable memory or CAM. Under most cache mapping schemes, the cache entries must be checked or searched to see if the value being requested is stored in cache. To simplify this process of locating the desired data, various cache mapping algorithms are used.

1)Direct Mapping

2)Associative Mapping

3)Set Associative Mapping

Khizar Masood
http://www.articlesbase.com/hardware-articles/cache-memory-675304.html

Traveling with your parents can be a wonderful experience if you plan well ahead. Here are five things you must do to ensure that you and your parents will have a great vacation.

1. Ensure that the itinerary is not too fast paced.

Older folks tend to get tired easily and thus it is not advisable to include activities that are too strenuous. It is also not advisable to pack too many activities in the itinerary such that you and your parents have to rush from one place to another.

2. Ensure that everyone has ample sleep

Plan to have at least six to eight hours of sleep for you and your parents for each day of your vacation. Try to avoid having any more activities after 11 p.m. Prepare some hot water for your parents to soak their legs before bed time if there is a fair amount of walking in the day.

3. Have ample supply of their medication

If your parents are suffering from diabetes, asthma, hypertension, high cholesterol or any other illness, make sure you obtain ample supply of medication from their doctors to last for the whole trip. To ensure that you remember to bring the medication, create a checklist of things to bring and put their medication among the top five items on that list. As a safety precaution, ask them to carry a medical record of their illness and contact details in case you are not around when they need medical attention.

4. Healthy diet

Most older people do not take heavy meals and thus you need to plan for multiple light and healthy meals that are low on salts, oil and sugars but high in fiber. Always have a sandwich or high fiber biscuits in your bag in case they get hungry and there isn’t a snack bar in the vicinity. Also make sure that you and your parents drink a lot of water to prevent dehydration.

5. Bring along a first aid travel pack.

Your first aid travel pack should contain medication for fever and diarrhea, cold symptoms and giddiness. It should also include a thermometer, tweezers, sharp scissors, safety pins, adhesive bandages, sterile gauze, adhesive tape and antiseptic wipes. While this list is not exhaustive, the stocks in the travel pack should be enough to cater to most conditions that require general first aid assistance. Do check the expiry date for those medications that you bring along to ensure that they are safe for consumption.

Traveling with your parents need not be a hassle as long as you plan ahead and take care of their needs. Involve them in all the activities along the way and remember to have fun!

Jolana Klobouk
http://www.articlesbase.com/business-articles/what-you-must-do-when-traveling-with-seniors-61582.html

The Real Pirates of the Caribbean – Heroes of Justice and Democracy

by Cherie Pugh

Cherie Pugh discovered the true story of the Nassau pirates when sailing through the Caribbean on a traditional wooden ship. She found the court records of their trial in London, and spent years researching and writing her novel

“Mary Read – Sailor, Soldier, Pirate”.

This ultimate pirate yarn is now available as an ebook or paperback from www.womanpirate.com

The real pirates of the Caribbean were mostly desperate British sailors, abandoned by their government after they had fought and won Queen Anne’s war. From 1702 to 1713, England, Holland and Germany challenged the might of Catholic France, in a terrible war waged in Flanders and Spain. This war, fought nominally over the succession to the Spanish throne, raised England to a super power, won her entrance to the immensely profitable slave trade, and ended the centuries old dominance of France. Yet England now required no more than skeleton crews to sail her ships back, and her well-trained sailors were left begging for bread in all her scattered colonies. Other European powers also abandoned soldiers and sailors, and there were many Dutchmen, Frenchmen and Spaniards who had deserted their posts, and were now without a home.

Many of the sailors stranded in the Caribbean were forced to cut logwood in the jungles, the desperate life uniting them into tight-knit brotherhoods, sworn to protect each other through malaria, Indian attack and starvation. When the captain of a trading ship tried to cheat Charles Vane’s Company, Vane killed him, and commandeered the ship. And all over the Caribbean, the brethren followed suit, and returned to the sea as pirates.

At the same time, a massive fleet sailed from Cartagena on the Spanish Main, carrying the treasure stripped from South America during the years of the war. Now that peace had been declared, the Spaniards decided to take the immense risk of getting it home. Yet they had barely set sail when a terrible cyclone smashed into them, leaving corpses and gold littering the beaches of Florida.

The pirates heard about the treasure when Captain Henry Jennings rescued a drowning Spanish sailor. When the gallant Welshman refused to throw him back overboard, despite the mutterings of his crew, the grateful Spaniard revealed the fate of the treasure fleet. Jennings then united the pirates, and led them in an overwhelming attack on the Spanish salvage camp. They sailed off together with a fortune.

Jennings then led them to Captain Mission’s old pirate base - the port of Nassau on the island of Providence in the Bahamas. Because of the trade winds, the Bahamas stand directly in the line of sail from Europe to the New World colonies, and every merchant ship would have to run the pirate gauntlet. Nassau harbour, with its reefs and shallows and extreme tides was also too dangerous for a large, square-rigged Navy ship to enter.

Urged by Jennings, the pirates united under Captain Mission’s code, which insisted on the honour of the Brethren of the Sea. The pirates claimed they were true gentlemen, and those well-born were but a pack of wolves that gorged on the helpless and weak. Mostly poor sailors, most had been shanghaied by their own government, that required hundreds of men for each ship in their navy, yet in never managing to feed them properly, due to the corruption of the Navy commanders, killed thousands of their own men every year, many times more than were ever killed in battle.

It is within a cultural disdain for the life of the ordinary man or woman, that the pirates evolved. These men came from the 80% of Britain that lived in desperate poverty and lawlessness, and having all suffered from injustice, they chose not to tolerate it, or perpetuate it. If they captured a ship captained by a tyrant, the pirates would encourage the crew to ‘tickle’ him, before dropping him into his ship’s boat, keeping his ship for his crew to share. To them, this was justice. The pirates also released slaves from the ships they captured, for they abhorred slavery as much as any Quaker.

The Caribbean pirates lived by strict rules, chosen by themselves, and clearly expressed in their Company Articles. Marcus Rediker, in “Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea - A History of Anglo-American Seafaring…” examines six surviving sets of signed Articles which all insist on one man, one vote. Their officers were openly elected, and could be challenged by any of the crew. The quartermaster’s role was to defend the rights of the crew against the captain, who could only give orders when they were ‘chasing or being chased’. Every man had an equal share in the plunder, except the captains and quartermasters, who had a share and a half.

They expelled any man who stole from the Company, even to the value of a piece of eight; any who took an open flame below deck near the gunpowder; any who raped a “prudent” woman found aboard a prize; or who bought boy or bawd aboard for amusement.

I have found the court records of two women aboard pirate ships, Mary Read and Anne Bonny, and they are the exceptions that prove the rule. Mary Read masqueraded as a man for most of her life, including her time with captain Jack Rackam. Anne stole two sloops for Rackam’s crew, dressed in trousers when attacking, and though living openly as a woman pirate, and Rackam’s wife, was manifestly good for business. Even so, it is probable that the two women contributed to Rackam’s downfall.

[For more information on these fascinating women, see my coming article

“Mary Read and Anne Bonny - Pirate Women of the Caribbean”]

As they had sworn binding oaths not to spill each other’s blood, the pirates marooned any who broke their rules. A man could be made the ‘Prince of an island’ that was no more than a strip of sand in a blinding sea. With no water, food or shade, he would die in agony within three days. Or he might be left on a verdant isle with all he needed, and the likelihood of another ship dropping in for water.

Perhaps the lasting achievement of the Nassau pirates was the introduction of the bird-wing sail to Europe. John Haman built the pirates’ small fast ships at Harbour Island, basing his designs on the sloops of the Malacca pirates, ‘fast to attack, faster to run’. The pirates easily outran the square-sailed Navy ships, and their agile sloops could easily negotiate the dangerous reefs and shallows of the Caribbean on much lighter breezes. It was not until the Navy adopted these sloops, that they threatened the pirates at all.

[For more information on Nassau, see my next article

“Nassau – Pirate Haven in the Caribbean]

By 1715, pirate fleets of small, quick sloops dominated the trade between England, Africa and the Caribbean. They kept themselves well-armed, making their own powder and grenades, and stealing all the large and small armament they needed. Sailing up to a merchantman, King Death flying from the mainmast, drums and trumpets blaring, their sloops crowded with hundreds of armed men with blackened faces cursing like the Devil, and promising mercy only upon instant surrender, they must have seemed truly terrifying. The small, under-paid, starving crew would indeed surrender instantly, knowing the pirates’ reputation for fairness to the ordinary sailor, whose sea-chests they never touched.

When their holds were full, the pirates sold their stolen goods openly at auction on the docks of the corrupt colonial governors, who disliked buying expensive, highly-taxed goods from Europe.

At its height, the Brethren of the Sea was a close-knit organisation of thousands of well-trained sailors, in companies of hundreds of men, in large fleets of fast sloops. Openly devoted to the ethics of justice and democracy, they committed a great deal of theft, but little murder. That they have been slandered as psychopaths is an ongoing injustice.

[For more information on the British Government's slaughter of these pirates,

see my coming article “The End of the Pirates of the Caribbean”]

The ultimate pirate yarn is now available as an ebook or paperback from

www.womanpirate.com

Cherie Pugh
http://www.articlesbase.com/history-articles/the-real-pirates-of-the-caribbean-heroes-of-justice-and-democracy-755244.html